The Nurse’s Guide to Common Antibiotics: What They Treat

Commonly known as a “Z-Pak,” this is a go-to for many outpatient settings.

Primary Uses: Mostly used for respiratory and throat infections.
Nursing Tip: Remind patients that while the course is often short (3-5 days), the medication stays in their system for much longer to keep fighting the infection.

This is one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics in primary care and pediatrics.

Primary Uses: Broadly used to treat various bacterial infections.
Nursing Tip: Always double-check for a penicillin allergy before the first dose! If they have an allergy, keep a close eye out for rashes or respiratory distress.

Doxycycline is a versatile “workhorse” antibiotic that covers a wide range of issues.

Primary Uses: Effective for skin infections, chest infections, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Nursing Tip: Educate patients about photosensitivity—they’ll burn much easier in the sun while taking this. Also, it’s best taken on an empty stomach, but can be taken with food if it causes significant GI upset (just avoid dairy!).

“Cipro” is a potent medication often reserved for more stubborn infections.

Primary Uses: Most commonly utilized for urinary tract infections.
Nursing Tip: Watch for the “Black Box Warning” regarding tendon rupture, especially in older patients or those on steroids. If they report sudden heel or joint pain, tell them to stop the med and call the provider immediately.

You might know this one by the brand name Flagyl.

Primary Uses: Specifically targets stomach, dental, and intestinal infections.
Nursing Tip: This is the “No Alcohol” drug. Drinking even a small amount of alcohol while on Metronidazole can cause a severe disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia).

The “Golden Rules” of Antibiotic Nursing

Finish the Course: Even if the patient feels 100% better, they must finish the entire prescription to prevent antibiotic resistance.
Probiotics: Antibiotics don’t just kill the bad bacteria; they kill the good stuff too. Suggest yogurt or a probiotic to help prevent secondary infections like C. diff or yeast infections.
Timing: For the best results, keeping a consistent level of the drug in the blood is vital. Help your patients set a schedule that works for their lifestyle.